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Energy/Utilities

Capacity Market Data

Capacity auction results, demand curves, and resource adequacy data -- the market signals that tell investors whether new power plants can earn enough to justify construction.

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Overview

What Is Capacity Market Data?

Capacity market data encompasses auction results, demand curves, and resource adequacy metrics that signal to investors whether new power plant construction can generate sufficient revenue. These markets operate years in advance—typically three years before the delivery period—allowing generators and load-serving entities to secure future capacity commitments. Capacity markets use competitive auctions with locational pricing that reflects transmission constraints and regional capacity needs, creating transparent price signals for investment decisions. Key elements include generation offering curves, demand-side bidding curves (such as Variable Resource Requirement curves), and clearing prices that determine which resources will be compensated for maintaining system reliability.

Market Data

3 years advance of delivery period

Capacity Market Procurement Timeline

Source: ResearchGate

Bilateral agreements, auctions (BRA, IAs, CIA), and forward clearing

Market Structure (PJM Example)

Source: ResearchGate

Total cost reduction from $47.2M to profit of $31.6M with 100% DR capacity

Demand Response Impact (Case Study)

Source: ResearchGate

Who Uses This Data

What AI models do with it.do with it.

01

Generation Resource Owners

Use capacity auction results and clearing prices to determine revenue adequacy for new power plant investments and assess long-term project feasibility.

02

Load Serving Entities (LSEs)

Procure sufficient generation capacity to meet projected peak loads through competitive auctions, managing locational reliability charges and transmission constraints.

03

Demand Response Aggregators

Participate in capacity markets as alternative supply resources, offering flexibility and reducing the need for transmission system upgrades.

04

Grid Operators & Regulators

Monitor resource adequacy, set Variable Resource Requirement (VRR) curves, and ensure locational pricing reflects transmission system limitations.

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What Buyers Expect

What makes it valuable.valuable.

01

Locational Accuracy

Capacity data must reflect transmission system constraints and node-level or zone-level pricing to enable accurate investment location decisions.

02

Forward Visibility

Multi-year auction results and clearing curves provide the long-term signals needed to justify multi-year capital commitments for generation assets.

03

Resource Type Granularity

Separate data for generation resources, demand response, and transmission upgrades allows investors to compare technology alternatives and revenue streams.

04

Demand Curve Transparency

Variable Resource Requirement (VRR) curves and bidding mechanics must be clearly documented so participants can model clearing prices and bid strategies.

Potential applications and organizations

Who's buying.buying.

PJM Interconnection

Operates the Regional Transmission Organization; clears capacity markets (BRA, IAs, CIA) and sets locational pricing for three-year forward periods.

ISO New England

Operates Forward Capacity Market (FCM) auctions held three years prior to operating period; manages demand curves and resource adequacy requirements.

Generation Asset Owners

Use capacity auction results to evaluate revenue adequacy and commit resources to future delivery periods based on clearing prices.

FAQ

Common questions.questions.

How far in advance are capacity markets cleared?

Capacity markets are typically cleared three years before the delivery period. For example, PJM's Reliability Pricing Model (RPM) and ISO New England's Forward Capacity Market (FCM) both conduct auctions three years in advance, allowing generators and load-serving entities to plan long-term investments.

What are the main components of capacity market data?

Key components include generation offering curves (supply-side bids), Variable Resource Requirement (VRR) curves (demand-side curves set by grid operators), locational clearing prices that reflect transmission constraints, and auction results showing which resources are committed for future delivery periods.

How does locational pricing work in capacity markets?

Capacity prices vary by location to reflect transmission system limitations and regional capacity needs. Areas with transmission constraints or higher reliability requirements command higher clearing prices, incentivizing investment in constrained zones.

Can demand response participate in capacity markets?

Yes. Demand response resources can bid into capacity auctions as an alternative to generation resources. Case studies show demand response can significantly reduce total system costs and generate consumer benefits when deployed at scale.

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